HEALTH INFO > other conditions > Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is the most common and most often it occurs after the age of 30. Maori, Polynesians and Asians are more likely to develop it, as are people who are overweight and people who have a family history.

We have included information on foot care. The damage to blood vessels in the feet and the resulting poor circulation means a slower recovery to damage to feet.

If you have any questions about diabetes or if you have other health concerns, please talk to a pharmacist.

The level of glucose (a type of sugar) in the body is controlled by insulin which is produced in the pancreas. In people with diabetes the level of glucose in the blood is too high because the pancreas is not producing enough insulin or has stopped producing it completely. If blood glucose levels are not bought under control, damage to other parts of the body occurs such as to the kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels.

Insulin dependent or type 1 diabetes
In people with insulin dependent diabetes, your body fights itself attacking the pancreas and eventually causing insulin production to stop. Insulin can only be replaced by injection.

Who is at risk?
Insulin dependent diabetes can occur at any age but most often occurs in young children and young adults. You may be more likely to develop it if another family member has diabetes.

Symptoms include:

  • Feeling extremely tired and lethargic

  • Extreme hunger

  • Nausea and vomiting

  • Feeling very thirsty and urinating frequently

  • Developing frequent infections that take a long time to heal.

Non-insulin dependent or type 2 diabetes
In people with non-insulin dependent diabetes, the pancreas is not producing enough insulin or your body is resistant to insulin. Often it is associated with conditions such as high cholesterol and high blood pressure, a condition called ‘metabolic syndrome’.

Non-insulin dependent diabetes can be treated by making lifestyle changes such as exercise and losing weight if you are overweight. Oral tablets are usually required and some people may need to inject insulin at some stage.

Who is at risk?
This type of diabetes is the most common type and can occur at any age, but most often it occurs after the age of 30. Maori, Polynesians and Asians are more likely to develop it, along with those who are overweight and when there is diabetes in the family.

Symptoms include:

  • Feeling tired and lethargic

  • Feeling thirsty and urinating frequently.

  • Developing frequent infections that take a long time to heal.

Gestational diabetes
This is when pregnant women do not produce enough insulin for herself and the baby. It is usually temporary, however women should have regular tests for diabetes even after the baby is born.

People with diabetes need to look after their feet!